The Mesopotamian underworld was considered to be the lowest part of the cosmos and a separate dark, dreary, and cavernous world not dissimilar from the Greek Tartarus. There, people lived lives that parallelled their mortal existence, except that no drink could quench thirst, and no food could sate hunger. Therefore, living family members would have... Continue Reading →

Djinn or Jinn are supernatural beings in Islamic belief that are almost like shadow humans living in a parallel shadow universe that is invisible to mankind. Nature of the Djinn According to the Abrahamic religions, men were made from clay, while angels were made from light. In Islam, Djinn are another type of beings that... Continue Reading →

Marduk is a Mesopotamian god principally associated with the city of Babylon, of which he was the patron deity. Still, he was also worshipped in Sippar, Borsippa, and Nippur. He seems to have been a fairly obscure god in the third millennium BCE but rose to be the most important god in the Mesopotamian pantheon... Continue Reading →

Tibetan Buddhism has a complex pantheon of divine beings, many of which can be seen on the walls and ceilings of Buddhist temples in Tibet. There are various classes of supernatural beings within the pantheon. These include the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, female deities, protector gods, defenders of the faith, guardians of the four cardinal points, and... Continue Reading →

Buddhism is recognized as a modern religion, though it appears more a philosophy than a religion in its tenets. Most forms of Buddhism do not focus on deities or the supernatural, but rather on man’s path to enlightenment. But a major exception to this is Tibetan Buddhism, in which deities, both benevolent and malevolent play... Continue Reading →

Ahura Mazda is the principal creator deity in Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is a pantheist religion with a single great god but also various lesser divinities. Ahura Mazda is the creator and also represents supreme good. Humankind exists to participate in a great battle between good and evil. As such, Zoroastrianism encourages participation in the battle through... Continue Reading →